Deploy Minio on Kubernetes using Kubespray and Ansible

What is Minio?

Minio is an open source, S3 compatible object store that can be hosted on a Linode. Deployment on a Kubernetes cluster is supported in both standalone and distributed modes. This guide uses Kubespray to deploy a Kubernetes cluster on three servers running Ubuntu 16.04. Kubespray comes packaged with Ansible playbooks that simplify setup on the cluster. Minio is then installed in standalone mode on the cluster to demonstrate how to create a service.

Before You Begin

1. For demonstration purposes, this guide installs etcd and the Kubernetes master on the same node. High availability clusters will require a different configuration, which is beyond the scope of this guide.

2. Each Linode to be used in the cluster should have a user with sudo privileges.

3. A cluster can be simulated locally using Minikube to get comfortable with Kubernetes clusters.

4. The IP addresses of each node in the cluster and their roles will be represented as kubernetes-master-ip, etcd-ip, and slave-ip

Install Ansible

1. Update if needed.

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

2. Add the Ansible PPA; press enter when prompted.

   sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible

   Ansible is a simple IT automation platform that makes your applications and systems easier to deploy. Avoid writing scripts or custom code to deploy and update your applications— automate in a language that approaches plain English, using SSH, with no agents to install on remote systems.
   
   http://ansible.com/
   More info: https://launchpad.net/~ansible/+archive/ubuntu/ansible
   Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it
   
   gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmp81pkp_0b/secring.gpg' created
   gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmp81pkp_0b/pubring.gpg' created
   gpg: requesting key 7BB9C367 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
   gpg: /tmp/tmp81pkp_0b/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
   gpg: key 7BB9C367: public key "Launchpad PPA for Ansible, Inc." imported
   gpg: Total number processed: 1
   gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)
   OK

3. Update again then install Ansible.

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install ansible

Additional Installation

Kubespray exists as a Git repository and requires python-netaddr for network address manipulation.

1. Install Git:

   sudo apt install git

2. Install python-netaddr:

   sudo apt install python-netaddr

Modify Kubespray Configurations

Kubespray comes with several configuration options not shown in this guide. Refer to the documentation for more information on topics such as networking with Flannel, Helm installation, and large scale deployments.

1. Clone the Kubespray repository from Github then navigate into the repository.

   git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/kubespray.git
   cd kubespray

2. Check out a tag for the desired version of Kubespray. This guide is written for version 2.4.0.

   git checkout -b tag/v.2.4.0

3. Modify ~/kubespray/ansible.cfg to run Ansible playbooks on hosts as a given user. Replace username with your Unix account username in remote_user=username under [defaults].

   File: ~/kubespray/ansible.cfg

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

   [ssh_connection] pipelining=True ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=30m -o ConnectionAttempts=100 -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null #control_path = ~/.ssh/ansible-%%r@%%h:%%p [defaults] host_key_checking=False gathering = smart fact_caching = jsonfile fact_caching_connection = /tmp stdout_callback = skippy library = ./library callback_whitelist = profile_tasks roles_path = roles:$VIRTUAL_ENV/usr/local/share/kubespray/roles:$VIRTUAL_ENV/usr/local/share/ansible/roles:/usr/share/kubespray/roles deprecation_warnings=False remote_user=username

4. Copy the example inventory directory and rename it:

   cp -r inventory/sample inventory/minio

5. Use Kubespray’s inventory generator to build an inventory of hosts for Ansible. Declare the list of IP addresses for each Linode.

   declare -a IPS=(kubernetes-master-ip etcd-ip slave-ip)
   CONFIG_FILE=inventory/minio/hosts.ini python3 contrib/inventory_builder/inventory.py ${IPS[@]}
   Note

   Do not use hostnames when declaring $IPS. Only IP addresses are supported by the inventory generator at this time.

6. Example configuration for the cluster in this guide.

   File: ~/kubespray/inventory/minio/hosts.ini

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

   [all] node1 ansible_host=kubernetes-master-ip ip=kubernetes-master-ip node2 ansible_host=etcd-ip ip=etcd-ip node3 ansible_host=slave-ip ip=slave-ip [kube-master] node1 [kube-node] node2 node3 [etcd] node1 [k8s-cluster:children] kube-node kube-master [calico-rr] [vault] node1 node2 node3

7. Uncomment the line docker_dns_servers_strict: false in ~/kubernetes/inventory/minio/group_vars/all.yml

Prepare Hosts for Ansible

Before Ansible can properly run Kubespray’s playbooks, the hosts must have a passwordless sudo user enabled, and swap disabled for Kubernetes. Make sure the specified user exists on each Linode prior to starting these steps. This section shows how to copy SSH keys to each Linode and modify the sudoers file over SSH.

1. Create a private key if you do not have one:

   ssh-keygen -b 4096

2. Copy your SSH key to each IP listed in the inventory using the $IPS variable declared earlier and replace username with the username for each of the hosts.

   for IP in ${IPS[@]}; do ssh-copy-id username@$IP; done

Create Passwordless Sudo on Nodes

Below is a loop that adds the line username ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL to the last line of the sudoers file. You will be prompted for the password for each server.

for IP in ${IPS[@]}; do ssh -t username@$IP "echo 'username ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' | sudo EDITOR='tee -a' visudo"; done

Disable swap

Add this snippet below at the end of ~/kubespray/roles/bootstrap-os/tasks/main.yml to disable swap using Ansible.

File: ~/kubespray/roles/bootstrap-os/tasks/main.yml

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

- name: Remove swapfile from /etc/fstab mount: name: swap fstype: swap state: absent - name: Disable swap command: swapoff -a

Run Ansible Playbook

Before running the Ansible playbook, make sure firewalls are turned off to avoid unexpected errors.

Run the cluster.yml Ansible playbook. If your private key is named differently or located elsewhere, add --private-key=/path/to/id_rsa to the end.

ansible-playbook -i inventory/minio/hosts.ini cluster.yml -b -v

Add or Remove Nodes

1. Navigate into ~/kubespray/inventory/minio/hosts.ini and add the IP address of the new node.

2. Run ssh-copy-id to copy your SSH key to the new node:

   ssh-copy-id username@new-node-ip

3. Run the scale.yml Ansible playbook:

   ansible-playbook -i inventory/minio/hosts.ini scale.yml -b -v

4. SSH into the Kubernetes master node to list all the available nodes:

   kubectl get nodes

5. To remove a node, simply turn off the server and clean up on the master node with:

   kubectl delete node <ip-of-node>

Minio on Kubernetes

The commands in this section should be executed from the kubernetes-master Linode.

Create a Persistent Volume

Persistent Volumes(PV) are an abstraction in Kubernetes that represents a unit of storage provisioned in the cluster. A PersistentVolumeClaim(PVC) will allow a Pod to consume the storage set aside by a PV. This section creates a PV of 15Gi (gibibytes ) then allow Minio to claim 10Gi of space.

1. On the Kubernetes master node, create a file called minio-volume.yaml with the following YAML below. Replace username on the hostPath with the appropriate path.

   File: minio-volume.yaml

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

   kind: PersistentVolume apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: minio-pv-volume labels: type: local spec: storageClassName: manual capacity: storage: 15Gi accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce hostPath: path: "/home/username"

2. Create the PV:

   kubectl create -f minio-volume.yaml

3. Create a PVC with minio-pvc.yaml:

   File: minio-pvc.yaml

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

   apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: minio-pv-claim labels: app: minio-storage-claim spec: storageClassName: manual accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce resources: requests: storage: 10Gi

4. Create the PVC:

   kubectl create -f minio-pvc.yaml

Create a Deployment

1. Create a Deployment configuration in minio-deployment.yaml and substitute username on the last line. The access and secret key are in the YAML file.

   File: minio-deployment.yaml

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

   apiVersion: apps/v1 # for k8s versions before 1.9.0 use apps/v1beta2 and before 1.8.0 use extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: # This name uniquely identifies the Deployment name: minio-deployment spec: selector: matchLabels: app: minio strategy: type: Recreate template: metadata: labels: # Label is used as selector in the service. app: minio spec: # Refer to the PVC created earlier volumes: - name: storage persistentVolumeClaim: # Name of the PVC created earlier claimName: minio-pv-claim containers: - name: minio # Pulls the default Minio image from Docker Hub image: minio/minio:latest args: - server - /storage env: # Minio access key and secret key - name: MINIO_ACCESS_KEY value: "minio" - name: MINIO_SECRET_KEY value: "minio123" ports: - containerPort: 9000 hostPort: 9000 # Mount the volume into the pod volumeMounts: - name: storage # must match the volume name, above mountPath: "/home/username"

2. Create the Deployment.

   kubectl create -f minio-deployment.yaml

Create a Service

1. Create a file for the service called minio-service.yaml

   File: minio-service.yaml

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

   apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: minio-service spec: type: LoadBalancer ports: - port: 9000 targetPort: 9000 protocol: TCP selector: app: minio

2. Deploy the Minio service:

   kubectl create -f minio-service.yaml

3. See a list of running services. Under the column PORT(S), you can see that the Minio service is running internally on port 9000, with 30593 exposed externally by the LoadBalancer.

   kubectl get services

   NAME            TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
   kubernetes      ClusterIP      10.233.0.1      <none>        443/TCP          1d
   minio-service   LoadBalancer   10.233.28.163   <pending>     9000:30593/TCP   20m

4. In a browser, navigate to the public IP address of any of the Linodes in the cluster, at the exposed port (30593 in the example above):

5. Minio has similar functionality to S3: file uploads, creating buckets, and storing other data.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Kubernetes
• Minio
• Kubespray